Great Lands For Batteries

Apple Rechargeable Battery Kit

Apple on Tuesday released a rechargeable battery pack, charger and rechargeable battery kit contains two parts, one charger for AA rechargeable batteries, and can be filled in before the battery is about to cut off power, Apple claims the battery is fully charged, this models of battery chargers is only 30 mW power consumption, compared with other rechargeable battery charger under the same conditions is up to 315 mW of power.

The kit $ 29, includes six apple rechargeable battery, Apple claims the battery can be recharged hundreds of times the service life of up to 10 years, but the charger can also be used with other rechargeable batteries, in addition to can be directly used in different countries.

Of course, from the point of view of environmental protection and energy saving, such as the Magic Trackpad and mouse on a PC directly connected to the power of the method is the most energy-efficient power supply. However, rechargeable battery can only be thrown away after use, at least better than the ordinary number of cells to appear green.

Solar panels project a classroom lesson hand

Times Free Press reports that East Ridge High School can build a reasonably priced solar panel in the classroom. The first panel, though cumbersome to make over about 16 hours by a small class in the spring, exceeded the teacher's expectation. East Ridge students should show the public that solar energy is not just for the rich.

Yingli solar cell efficiency by joining the project Innovalight

Like with JA Solar, Yingli Green Energy to improve its efficiency solar cells, has recently been high and sales of silicon ink solar cell materials and technology, private ownership Innovalight signed a technology, research and production cooperation agreement.

Yingli Green Energy Deng-Yuan Song, chief technology officer, said: "We believe a strong R & D capabilities for strengthening the company's leading position in the industry is very important, so the company has recently begun a series of innovative moves, we cooperate with Innovalight once again proved the company's We are committed to R & D commitment, and allows the company to apply cutting-edge technology to our valued customers profitable. "

Innovalight CEO Conrad Burke (Conrad Burke) said: "Our company's silicon ink technology and high efficiency solar products in the manufacture of a powerful collaboration platform for the company with the world's largest vertically integrated Solar manufacturers are excited to cooperate with one of 41,000 points. "

Li-ion battery market in the next 10 years will expand to 100 times

Ganfeng Lithium (002,460) Internet IPO roadshow was held this morning at the Panorama Network, the company chairman Li Liangbin said that with the power and energy storage in lithium battery technology breakthroughs and maturity, the estimated future global market will be 10-year lithium battery expansion of 100 times.

In addition, he said the company's development will not be affected by the impact of raw materials, because of the company and suppliers SQM purchase agreement with brine, and is about equity and the Americas, purchase lithium industry issues, but also can be used Lithium ore.

Dunhuang China want to build solar power base

Dunhuang, a Silk Road is located, historic and cultural city, with bright well-known desert civilization and art. Here, the monuments show the glory days are past, but in the outside corner of the vast Gobi Desert is brewing in recent years, the construction of a number of years ancient cultures co-exist with high-tech industries.

Into the second decade of the 21st century, Dunhuang desert sun is creating a large-scale advanced modern industry - solar photovoltaic industry. According to the next round of the western development plan, it will be China's new energy base map is an important component.

With missions to foreign reporters last week that is being built into the desert to visit the local city photovoltaic PV industry. Dunhuang city 13 kilometers away in the clean energy industrial park, a large-scale photovoltaic power generation project into the reporter's attention, reflecting the development of China's ambitions in this area.

SDIC Dunhuang 10 megawatts (MWp) of photovoltaic grid demonstration project concession covers an area of about 500 acres (33 hectares), is the first large-scale photovoltaic power generation demonstration project concession. According to the SDIC Dunhuang PV term Tao, general manager, the project officially started in September last year, this month will be put into operation all the PV modules, the entire construction process less than a year.

China occupies the leading position PV

China's current production capacity of photovoltaic cells occupy the dominant position, in 2009 it created a global total of 32% of the battery. Mainland and Taiwan accounted for a total of 45% of the total global supply. In the photovoltaic industry in China in recent years against the backdrop of rapid development, the country voted for this PV project in Dunhuang is one hundred percent "Made in China."

Baoding Yingli Group, Jun Shi Fujian Energy Co., Ltd., Hefei Sunshine Power Co., the manufacturer of photovoltaic panels and inverters, constitute the country's investment project in Dunhuang. Ren Tao said: "All equipment, including control center equipment, all made in China, largely imported equipment."

The total project investment 179 million yuan (RMB, about 36 million dollars), designed annual generating capacity of 15,299,800 kwh (kWh). After the operation, the solar panels made of photovoltaic modules into the Northwest power grid will be incorporated into national service in Xinjiang, Ningxia, Qinghai and other provinces. Photovoltaic power generation is still part of the high cost of power generation business, without government subsidies, corporate investment is not cost-effective.

Tao Ren pointed out that the cost of investment, the current per kilowatt hydropower needs 10000-11000 yuan or so per kilowatt wind power is 11000-12000 yuan. The most expensive investment per kilowatt of photovoltaic power generation needs to 17,000 yuan.

He said the project is the electricity price per kWh 1.0928 yuan, of which about 80% of the state subsidies. PV module life of 25 years, according to estimates, the entire power plant cost recovery period is 8 to 10 years, next year there will be 50 million to each of 700,000 yuan profit.

Dunhuang, long hours of sunshine throughout the year up to 3310 hours of sunshine hours, sunshine percentage of 75%, China's solar energy resource-rich region - with the development of photovoltaic power generation industry, special advantages, coupled with flat open, large-scale construction ideal strategy for large-scale PV power plant development area.

In addition to the country's investment projects, there is built in Dunhuang China Guangdong Nuclear Energy Development Corporation of the Commonwealth 10 MW photovoltaic power generation project.

In early May, the State Council issued "on further support economic and social development in Gansu number of opinions", which requires: "a focus on accelerating the Dunhuang solar power demonstration base, and strive to build one million kilowatts by 2020, above the level of solar power base."

Tao Ren said the completion of the first phase of 10 MW photovoltaic project, the second phase will start in the second half of this year, an additional 10 MW, one square kilometer of solar power plant could eventually be 30 MW of photovoltaic panels laid .

Ren Tao said: "According to local planning Dunhuang, Dunhuang City, in 2020 the total installed capacity to reach 10 trillion, can be said here to the unparalleled, certainly one of the world's largest photovoltaic industry base."

Hitachi battery needs quickly win new battery orders call

Reuters recently reported that Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Ltd's automotive business unit of energy that transcends the crowded automotive battery market success is due to its strong track record of lithium-ion battery and can be closer to win new orders, the the company's automotive business unit in charge of energy on Thursday once said.

Combined in four key markets in the major automotive hybrid vehicles, rechargeable hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles sales --- China, the United States, Japan and European markets --- in the next decade within the time is expected to reach five times the current sales, according to Japan's Nomura Research Institute Nomura Research Institute, said the case, which will lead to the rapid demand for battery bullish.

However, this rapid development of the battery market is also attracting an increasingly tough competitive situation there, while Hitachi's competitors, including the already established a sound, such as Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Panasonic, NEC, Toshiba and Japan's Toshiba Corp. South Korea's LG Chem and Lucky Venus just started like the United States and other clean energy holding company Ener1.

Hitachi Automotive Hitachi Vehicle Energy Energy President Masafumi Yuhara expressed that "the number of battery manufacturers currently too many and we are in a competition which we will see who can survive in this competition."

In April this year the unit has just taken over the business Masafumi Yuhara Reuters on Thursday in an interview has said that the company's records show the company to compete in this brutal race to win.

Yuhara also said that "So far we have shipped 1 million batteries ... ... which also is equivalent to 10,000 cars and these batteries are already in place all over the world working at the same time without any major problems. This is a non-match the record. "

Hitachi Automotive Hitachi Vehicle Energy Energy Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Ltd currently holding 65% and another 25%-owned by Shin-Kobe Electric Co., Ltd. Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery, and 10% owned by Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. All Hitachi Automotive Hitachi Vehicle Energy Energy had said last Thursday that the company expected within four years of their income will jump more than 10 times the number increased to 300 billion yen.

However, Yuhara acknowledged the beginning of the start is likely to face strong opponents.

Yuhara also said that "if I say (new operation of the company) is not a threat then I must be lying, but the new market entrants, and not a used car on the road running with a good record of the battery." He also said, "but the battery and the materials used are always reinventing and reinventing, and new businesses tend to start some new ideas, so in that respect, they are a threat for us . "

Yuhara also said that the company expected in the near future to win new orders, but he declined to give any specific details. He also pointed out that the company may consider starting overseas production fuel-efficient cars in the key parts of it if you really need.

Hitachi has Nissan Motor Co. Nissan Motor, Isuzu Motors Isuzu Motors and Mitsubishi Fuso Mitsubishi Fuso Truck Company supply batteries, and also has won the General Motors Corporation General Motors Co hybrid cars of the contract, the U.S. car manufacturers are expected to be launched on the market next year the company's hybrid vehicles.

In order to meet orders for the command of General Motors Corporation, Hitachi has the time within one month of production capacity from 40,000 to a 340,000 battery units. This year the number of batteries installed for the more than 100,000 gasoline-electric car is already a sufficient number.

 

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Market lithium-ion battery electrolyte

The electrolyte is a lithium-ion battery four key materials (cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte), one known as lithium-ion batteries, "blood" between the battery negative CKS conduction electrons play a role in lithium-ion battery for high voltage, high specific energy, etc. guarantee. Electrolyte generally high purity organic solvents, electrolyte lithium salt (lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6), the necessary raw materials, additives, under certain conditions, made by a certain percentage of the preparation.

1, the liquid electrolyte

The choice of electrolytes for lithium-ion battery performance impact is very large, it must be good chemical stability, especially at high potentials and high temperature environment less prone to decomposition, with a high ionic conductivity (> 10--3 s / cm), but also for the anode and cathode materials must be inert, they can not invade rot. As the lithium-ion battery charge and discharge potential and the anode material embedded in a higher chemical reactivity of lithium, the electrolyte must not contain organic compounds and water. However, the ionic conductivity of organic matter is not good, so adding soluble in organic solvents to increase the conductivity of the salt ionic conductivity. Lithium-ion battery is mainly used liquid electrolyte, the anhydrous organic solvent such as EC (ethyl carbonate), PC (propylenecarbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate), DEC (diethyl carbonate), the majority of mixed solvents, such as EC2DMC and PC2DMC . Conductive salt with L iClO4, LiPF6, LiBF6, LiA sF6 and LiOSO2CF3, their conductivity in the order of LiAsF6> LiPF6> LiClO4> LiBF6> LiOSO 2CF3. LiClO4 due to high oxidation prone to explosion and other safety issues, generally confined to experimental studies; LiAsF6 easily purified by high ionic conductivity and good stability, but contain toxic As, limited use; LiBF6 chemical and good thermal stability and conductivity is not high, LiO SO2CF3 poor conductivity and corrosion of the electrodes, and less use; although LiPF6 will decompose, but has a high ionic conductivity, so the basic current lithium-ion battery is used LiPF6. At present commercial lithium-ion battery electrolyte is mostly used LiPF6 of EC2DMC, it has a high ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability.

2, the solid electrolyte

Directly with lithium metal as the anode material with high reversible capacity, the theoretical capacity of up to 3862mAh . g-1, is a graphite material 10 times, lower prices, is seen as a new generation of lithium-ion battery of the most attractive anode material, but will produce lithium dendrites. Used as the ion conductivity of solid electrolytes can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, making lithium as the anode material as possible. In addition, the use of solid electrolyte leakage of liquid electrolyte to avoid the shortcomings of the battery can be made thinner (thickness of only 0.1mm), higher energy density, smaller high-energy batteries. Destructive experiments show that solid-state lithium-ion battery safety performance is high, the nail wear, heat (200 C), short circuit and overcharge (600%) and other destructive experiments, the liquid electrolyte lithium-ion battery leakage occurs, explosion and other safety issues, and solid-state batteries within the temperature slightly higher than outside (<20 C) did not have any other security problems. Solid polymer electrolyte has good flexibility, film formation, stability, low cost, can be used as separator between the positive and negative electrodes with electrolyte ions can be used as a pass.

Solid polymer electrolyte can be separated into stem form solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). SPE Solid Polymer Electrolyte mainly based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), the drawback is a low ionic conductivity, at 100 C can only reach 10-40cm. Ion conduction in the SPE is mainly in the amorphous region, with the movement of polymer chains pass migration. PEO is due to its easy crystallization of high molecular chain regularity, and the crystal shape of the ionic conductivity will be reduced. Therefore, in order to improve the ionic conductivity on the one hand by reducing the crystallinity of the polymer to improve the chain mobility, on the other hand by increasing the conductivity of salt solubility in the polymer. Use of graft, block, cross-linking, copolymerization and other means to destroy the crystallinity of polymer, can significantly improve its ionic conductivity. Besides adding inorganic salt compound can improve the ionic conductivity. In the solid polymer electrolyte by adding high dielectric constant of low molecular weight liquid organic solvents such as PC can greatly improve the conductivity of salt solubility, the composition of the electrolyte gel polymer electrolyte is the GPE, it is high at room temperature ionic conductivity, but in the course of analysis of fluid and failure will occur. Gel polymer lithium-ion batteries have been commercialized.

Third, future trends electrolyte materials

Lithium-ion battery with its own advantages of being integrated into a much larger group of industries - automotive battery field. To meet this huge industrial base, lithium-ion battery electrolyte materials, the development trend of the future will focus on new solvents, ionic liquids, additives, new lithium salt, etc., and new positive and negative materials to match, so that the lithium-ion battery safer, higher power, greater capacity, and ultimately safe and convenient way for electric vehicles, energy storage, aerospace and wider areas.

Lithium-ion battery industry in order to meet future development needs, we must develop a high-security, high environmental adaptability of battery electrolyte materials. Mainly from the electrolyte solvent, solute, and additives on the choice of consideration:

(1) to select a wide operating temperature range of the solvent, the solvent melting point preferably below -40 C, boiling point, preferably above 150 C or higher, wide electrochemical window of the solvent can better prevent the state of charge under the redox reaction of the electrolyte, while improving battery cycle stability. For example, consider using ionic liquids, a new solvent, multi-component solvent, so as to solve the battery's safety and environmental adaptability.

(2) select the appropriate solute, to improve battery adaptability to environment. Now commonly used LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) decomposition temperature is low, there is a small amount of starting from 60 C decomposition at high temperatures or harsh environments, the decomposition has increased substantially, resulting in HF (hydrofluoric acid) and other free acid, so that the acid electrolyte, resulting in damage to the electrode material and a sharp deterioration in battery performance.

(3) may consider adding the right amount of flame retardant additives, redox shuttle additives to protect the positive and negative film-forming additives. The use of flame retardant additives to ensure thermal runaway when the internal battery, the electrolyte will not burn a fire, so the battery safety can be guaranteed. Adopt the role of redox shuttle additive is to prevent, especially when the battery powered battery pack as abnormal in the course of the condition recurring single battery will overcharge or over discharge, resulting in rapid deterioration of battery performance, thereby affecting the entire group performance and battery use, or even the occurrence of a security risk. The use of positive and negative film is the role of additives can effectively protect the anode and cathode materials and electrolyte in the charge state of the contact reaction, through the film in the form of the highly active and positive and negative electrolyte isolated to prevent the electrolyte reaction on the electrode surface.

Fourth, the development of the global status of lithium ion battery electrolyte

In recent years, the global lithium-ion battery electrolytes industry developed steadily, the market mainly in Japan, Ube companies and ECOPRO (Korean Cheil City) companies, two companies account for about 50% of global market share. Ranked in the following companies were: Mitsubishi Chemical, Toyama Chemical, Mitsui Chemicals, Kishida Chemical, Zhangjiagang Guotai glory and other enterprises.

Market Analysis of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

2008 expects global demand for lithium-ion battery electrolyte increased by 38%, year to 14,225 tons, is expected to increase demand in 2009 35% of the electrolyte.

Fifth, the development of lithium-ion battery electrolyte status

The electrolyte is made to enter the market from 2002 to gradually replace imported products, through continuous improvement and improve product quality has reached international advanced level. Domestic battery manufacturers supporting electrolyte has been basically localized, only a small part of the use of imported electrolyte.

The main units of the domestic production of electrolyte of Jiangsu Guotai (002,091) Cathay Pacific's glory, Taurus, Tianjin, Dongguan Shanshan, golden Shantou, Zhuhai race Wei Electronics, Guangzhou Heaven, Beijing Asian chemical companies create more than 10. Annual production capacity of 1000 tons and above are involved in high, medium and low-end of each market, lithium-ion batteries to meet our production needs, and some exports.

Cathay Pacific is a lithium-ion battery electrolyte Ronghua industry leading enterprises, is the largest manufacturer of lithium-ion battery electrolyte. In 2008, Jiangsu Yangtze River Chemical Industrial Park in the new 5000 tons of production capacity (and also 5,000 tons of production capacity set aside to plant), plant construction has been completed, expected in June-July 2009, 10-trial production of the official production in November, after old plant 3000 tons production capacity shut down. 08/09 were expected annual output 2700 tons / 4,000 tons. Our products domestic market share of 30% -40%, and targeting high-end market. Taurus Tianjin, Dongguan Shanshan combined market share of 30% products are mainly targeted the low end.

Race Wei Electronics - Zhuhai race Wei Electronic Materials Co., Ltd is located in Doumen District of Zhuhai City, Toyama Industrial Park, is a new high-tech private enterprise, an investment 10 million yuan annual output of 1,000 tons of new capacity lithium battery, Lithium-ion battery and super capacitor electrolyte production line, the factory covers an area of 3,000 square meters, mainly produces and sells functional electrolyte: lithium-ion battery to improve high temperature performance, security, and low temperature performance, lithium-ion battery and polymer battery electrolyte, Tailor-made for lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials, modified natural graphite anode material electrolyte.

Tianjin Taurus - Taurus, Tianjin Material Co., Ltd. Power by Xingtai Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. and Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute, a joint venture of research and development, production, management and service of high-tech enterprises. Has been completed sets of the electrolyte salt production, solvent refining, electrolyte formulation and packaging production line, the main products are: lithium hexafluorophosphate (scale of 80 tons / year), high-purity solvents (scale of 500 tons / year), lithium ion batteries battery electrolyte, and related materials. Tianjin Taurus is currently the only one using self-developed technology, materials and equipment of domestic production of lithium hexafluorophosphate business, but with industry feedback messages, product quality and abroad, there are still a big gap.

Sixth, raw material supply of lithium hexafluorophosphate

The main raw material for the lithium salt electrolyte, the scientific name (lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6), accounting for about 50% of the cost of its production cost is 10 yuan / ton, priced at 40 yuan / ton, gross margin of 75%. Lithium salt of the raw material silica / lithium carbonate can be purchased in China to the.

Lithium salt is now almost monopolized by a few companies in Japan. Among them, the annual production of Kanto Chemical LiPF6 electrician to 9.5 tonnes (mainly for Ube), SUTERAKEMIFA 800 tons (mainly for ECOPRO), the world's largest manufacturer of lithium salts produce 960 tons of chemical Morita (mainly for Mitsubishi) The company in Jiangsu Yangtze River Chemical Industrial Park with an annual output of 600 tons of production lines, of which 300 tons of supplies company. There are also a golden Tech Co., Ltd., Tianjin Chemical Industry Design and Research Institute, Shandong Chemical Fertilizer Xingtai city, Tianjin, Taurus and other companies can produce, but less capacity, quality, and are a lot worse.

Because lithium hexafluorophosphate huge future market demand, there are other domestic enterprises have begun to actively access. Jiangsu Guotai (002,091) and a joint venture company owned subsidiary of Huarong established source of high-tech materials Zhangjiagang Asia Co., Ltd., invest in a new 300 tons of lithium hexafluorophosphate product project, the project total investment of 83.3 million yuan, is expected before the end of 2009 test equipment to debug. Henan-Fluoride Chemicals Co., Ltd. started construction in 2009, annual production capacity of 200 tons of lithium hexafluorophosphate project,

Market Analysis of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

Lithium hexafluorophosphate in 2009 the overall market supply tensions.

Seven, the next major incremental market forecast electrolyte

1, the hybrid car market

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in the next few years, a major new energy vehicle development. In 2010, global production will reach 78 million vehicles, hybrid vehicle production will reach 2.1 million, accounting for 2.66%, per vehicle battery power by 50,000 yuan, and the whole vehicle battery market value will reach 105 billion yuan. Most car manufacturers of hybrid vehicles to 85% Ni-MH battery energy storage device of a vehicle. However, major manufacturers have new models in the use of lithium batteries as the vehicle energy storage device. Li-ion battery to replace the current nickel-metal hydride battery is likely to speed faster than the market expected. (In Foton Motor, for example, received 800 new hybrid vehicles, and decided to use lithium batteries) in the lithium battery as the initial vehicle battery industry, 20% of the calculated product penetration, market size reached 21 billion yuan . Corresponding to the electrolyte market size of 25.2 billion yuan, in the future large-scale commercial hybrid vehicle demand is expected after the explosive growth of the electrolyte.

2, the electric bicycle market

In 2008, global production of over 22.5 million electric bicycles, of which 95% of Chinese production. In the current batteries used in electric bicycles, 84% of lead-acid batteries, only 14% use lithium batteries. According to estimates, in 2010 the global production of electric bicycles will be close to 30.82 million, the battery output reached 61.64 billion yuan, if the penetration rate reached 10% of the lithium battery, then the market will reach 6.164 billion yuan, corresponding to the market size of 740 million electrolyte million.

3, electric scooter and electric wheelchair market

Electric scooter, including golf carts, electric wheelchairs, 2007, the global electric scooter sales approaching one million, about 8% annual growth rate is expected to reach 1.2 million in 2010. The market is currently dominated by lead-acid batteries, but also the direction towards the development of lithium-ion battery. Expected by 2010, global demand for electric scooter will be more than 1.2 million batteries will be close to 3.3 billion yuan output value, if the penetration rate reached 10% lithium, the market will reach 2.975 billion yuan, the market size for the corresponding electrolyte $ 120 million.

4, the power tool market

Power Tools is a large-scale use of lithium outlook for the market. Currently, power tools, mainly to nickel-cadmium batteries, power tools with lithium batteries can easily break the voltage over 18V design constraints, and become the power tool industry first product trends. 2005, E-ONE Moli and Miwaukee launch of the V28 used cathode material for lithium-manganese batteries in power tools 26650 shakes up the industry term, formally announced the arrival times of lithium power tools. In 2007, the world's largest power tools manufacturer B & D introduced the world's first use of lithium iron phosphate power tools (DCX6401 Combo Kit), this product in the market after the 2nd quarter, then its one hour high-speed charging, powerful , high security and more than 2,000 times the battery cycle life, etc., a record $ 20 million in sales performance, B & G broke all records since the foundation. In the big international companies, driven by the penetration of lithium will rise. The current global demand for power tools at an annual growth rate of around 5%, power tools battery for less than 10%, 85% for nickel-cadmium batteries. As the nickel-cadmium battery pollution problem, European and American countries have legislation to limit the scope gradually. According to estimates, in 2010, the global power tool market will reach 182 million units, the battery needs to reach 730 million, the battery output value will reach 33 billion yuan, if the penetration rate reached 10% of the lithium battery, the market reached 3.3 billion corresponding to the electrolyte market size 396 million next year there will be steady growth.

 

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Rent for electric vehicle batteries

Battery technology is undoubtedly the core of the development of power electric vehicles. As the Chevrolet Volt lithium-ion batteries on board the heap, a global provider CPI (Compact Power, Inc for short) the chief executive, Michel haka • Jayant Patel to become General Motors' 2030 "Sustainable Transportation series of forums, the third "electrification - the future driving force" necessary to guests. Required to reduce the cost of battery technology changes business models and LG car batteries in China's development, Jayant Patel accepted the NetEase car interview.

In addition to the traditional production and technology development to promote cost reduction, Jayant Patel that the reduction in battery cost can go the third way, that is to change the business model. On this issue, Jayant Patel in-depth exposition. He said that the technology and raw material costs are relatively fixed under the premise of change in business model is to reduce the cost of electric vehicle battery as well as a very important aspect.

Lithium-ion battery life of about 8 to 10 years, but the traditional business model, customers purchase the electric cars will have a battery, battery life and the life of both the electric car is not tied to maximize battery life, which Battery recycling will undoubtedly cause some damage, there is no way to get more people to the residual value.

He believes that we can create a separate battery distribution company, the company has ownership of the battery, then it can be rented to customers the battery, this will help us to lift the limitations of the current business model. With the

Scale increases, the battery is more reasonable distribution of the company's operations, the user can gradually eliminate the problem for the warranty, transaction costs and other content concerns. Charges for customers can be gradually reduced naturally.

Of course, with the continuous development of this business model, the battery distribution company's business can continue to expand, they can conduct business, such as battery exchange. So many customers are able to effectively reduce the need to invest in high maintenance and learning cost. Distribution company to be secured by the battery, you can effectively eliminate the final customer for the battery warranty concerns.

Of course, now all the new business model is still in the exploratory stage, but it certainly is useful in the future potential, is used to help us reduce the cost of lithium-ion battery.

Once the large demand, LG can quickly set up factories in China

BYD battery and the general public have the information in co-operation in China, as the battery supplier, CPI is considering setting up factories in China to improve efficiency. Jayant Patel said, so that electric cars on the market to obtain the final

Success of the first is to provide a suitable battery technology, and if the value of technology. The technology itself is the most important choice. Therefore, the assumption that the premise of the battery technology is mature, set up a production plant location is not very

Important.

Moreover, labor costs account for battery production is still relatively small proportion, it is relatively high automation of the production process, any hope for battery production in certain developing countries, in any country selected for the battery

Production are likely. Current CPI in China has not set the car battery manufacturer, the most important thing with a smaller demand on the Chinese market. However, if in the future with the further development of electrification, if once the

Are large-scale demand, CPI in China will consider setting vehicle battery manufacturing plant.

The establishment of such a manufacturing plant is not a long time. For example, CPI in the United States had just built a factory, to provide batteries for the Chevrolet Volt production by 2013 can be

To the normal operation of the. In addition, LG actually has a battery in Nanjing manufacturing facility, the key is for the consumer electronics battery production. With such a premise, in China to build a car battery health

Production factory, it becomes much easier. The view of the car battery factory set up in China market is still high, do not take a long time, so the LG thing is to focus on China demand changes.

According to the latest foreign information, LG automotive battery business will add two or three in South Korea this year, overseas vehicle plant users. LG Chem lithium battery business is currently a total of seven vehicle assembly plant customers, namely Hyundai Kia set

Group, Korea Electric car maker CT & T, General Motors, Ford, Eaton, China Changan Automobile and Volvo. As for the newly added users will directly affect China's battery market demand, so that push

Moving CPI LG factory in China will have to wait for further confirmation of the news.

 

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How to download your photos from Facebook to PhotoGrabber

Facebook is one of the most used services for photo sharing. You can upload your own-the ones you want, and show your friends how good you had fun on vacation.

Ever wanted to download all photos from Facebook in which you appear?

If you want to get off once all the photos in which you star, PhotoGrabber is a small utility that lets you do it.

PhotoGrabber: all your photos or those of your friends on your computer

If you want to download the photos, for example, in which it appears your friend Johnny, the procedure is identical. Yes, in one case as in the other, PhotoGrabber takes into account only the photos in the profile and all the particular person is unlabeled.

1. Permit

It's simple. First you have to give permission to PhotoGrabber to enter into your Facebook account. Once done, you have access and download both your photographs and those of your contacts.

2. What photos?

PhotoGrabber does not allow selections. In any case, you wanted to download all the photos that show up so ... Why choose? What I need to do is choose the person you want to have all the images (a friend, friend, parent or yourself).

3. Download

It's that simple. A single click the photos that you or someone you know has uploaded are automatically saved in a folder on your PC.

4.Publica on the wall

In case of download the pictures from a friend, PhotoGrabber gives you the option of posting on your wall as you just did (if you like to explain it).

Those little things ...

PhotoGrabber is somewhat limited in options and performance but it is a simple but useful example that fulfills its objective. In short, a good way to get all the material that you hang on the popular social network in the world.

Via: How to download your photos from Facebook to PhotoGrabber

 

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All you need to know about the digital certificate

One of the problems of using online services is the lack of security means both to protect the transfer of data to ensure the identity of the user. For these reasons, it launched the concept of digital certificates. A system that allows electronic data link with individuals through a certification.

The aim of this paper is to answer questions like: What is a digital certificate? What is? How it works o How to get your own certificate? So if you want to shed some light on these questions, read on ...

What is a digital certificate?

A digital certificate is a document issued by a certification authority that guarantees the association of an individual with a digital signature.

What is?

Basically, the digital certificate is the mechanism that allows us to obtain a valid digital signature to sign documents electronically. Depending on your level of security, digital signature provides the same guarantees as the holographic signature and ensures the integrity of a document.

How it works

For a legally valid digital certificate, the certifying authority must be certified by a public entity certifying the country concerned. In Spain CERES (Spanish Certification) an entity that manages these certificates.

As a mechanism to ensure both concepts (integrity and identity), the digital certificate using the X.509 standard algorithm based on asymmetric cryptography. This method uses two cryptographic keys per user: one public and one private. And it is the appropriate authority who certifies that both keys are unique per user and are properly linked.

Depending on how you use these keys, the user can ensure the integrity of the shipment and ensure the identity of the sender or sent to protect the privacy of

Ensure message integrity and identity of the sender

To ensure message integrity and ensure the identity of the sender, the short version of the procedure is as follows: the sender signs the message using its private key and sends it to other users. With this signature, all recipients can verify the integrity and identity of the message using the sender's public key.

Protecting the privacy of shipment

Instead, to ensure the privacy of a consignment change process: the sender encrypts the message using the recipient's public key. And this, to decrypt the message using its private key. As the private key known only to the recipient, it is impossible for a third player to decode the message (except for brute force).

How I can obtain a digital certificate?

In Spain CERES who facilitates the digital certificate. It is therefore possible to use an electronic ID or an alternative procedure

1. Certificate request

2. Prove your identity in a registry office or use your eID and a card reader to make a virtual accreditation

3. Download certificate

How do I use my digital certificate?

Digital certificates of CERES are automatically installed in your web browser. Thus, once the process ready, you can use your digital certificate for all kinds of administrative and view or submit your Income Tax Return, to request the report of your working life points or consult your driver's license.

Also, it is possible to install the digital certificate in your mail client to sign the necessary emails. In this way, you ensure the integrity of shipments and, if desired, the privacy of data sent.

Via: All you need to know about the digital certificate

 

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Thin film silicon solar cell research position B

1. Before the transparent conductive oxide film (TCO) of

The current use of a certain degree of TCO thin cashmere is to improve the efficiency of thin film silicon solar cells an effective way, because the light rays reflected in the TCO pile or the back electrode is scattered, the scattered light in the film has a longer optical path, therefore more likely to be absorbed. At present a large-scale commercial TCO is to use atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO). Oerlikon company uses low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of boron-doped ZnO, the preparation of the TCO surface has a certain degree of cashmere can be directly used in the battery. Meier, who by optimizing the process parameters obtained by LPCVD deposition of ZnO: B performs better than that FTO, on this basis to obtain single-junction amorphous silicon thin film solar cell efficiency and stability of 9.1%. However, current international research focus is the use of magnetron sputtering deposited Al doped the ZnO (AZO), the main body of the AZO thin film Zn, A1 rich in nature reserves, low production costs, have a price advantage; and AZO with FTO the superiority of film can not be compared: non-toxic, hydrogen plasma in the high stability, preparation technology is simple, easy to implement doping; most important thing is AZO in the optical and electrical properties of the commercial aspects of FTO film can meet all of today's indicators. AZO deposited using the sputtering surface is smooth, but through the availability of corrosion in dilute HCl solution with excellent light trapping ability of the surface. Figure 2 shows a typical texture in the AZO on the surface and the smooth surface of the cell quantum efficiency map obtained can be seen in the texture of the surface current density will be greater. Figure 3 shows the use of three techniques to obtain the TCO TCO preparation of the surface topography. At present a large area sputtered AZO also under development, the main research direction is to improve the uniformity of large area sputter target utilization and improve. In 2001, Muller et al AZO obtained on the initial a-Si cell conversion efficiency of 9.2% (32 x 40 cm2); 2003 year Muller, who received the initial a-Si cell conversion efficiency of 9.2% (60 x 100 cm2). In a-Si /? C-Si tandem solar cell side, in 2001, O. Kluth and other preparation of the initial conversion efficiency of cells 12.1% (1cm2); 2004 year, Hupkes such as preparation of the initial conversion efficiency of the battery 9.7 % (64cm2); 2008 year, Tohsophon so prepared under the battery in a different area of the conversion efficiency was 10.7% (64cm2) and 9.6% (26 x 26cm2). With the large area sputtered AZO technology matures, the future will be in the thin film silicon solar cells in place.

2. Layer of antireflective

Because the light in two different media reflection took place, the greater the difference between the two refractive index, reflecting the greater. In the superstrate-type thin-film silicon cells, TCO of the refractive index (n ~ 1.9) and the refractive index of silicon (n ~ 3.4) vary widely, the interface will be more than 10% of the light is reflected, in order to weaken the interface of light reflection, TCO can be introduced with a layer of silicon material in the middle of the middle refractive index (n ~ 2.5) of the transparent conductive media to weaken the reflection of light. T. Matsui sputtering TiO2 used as anti-reflective layer to improve the single-junction a-Si with? C-Si quantum efficiency, but because of the TiO2 in the hydrogen plasma environment easily be restored, by deposition of TiO2 on the surface layer of about 10nm of ZnO to protect TiO2, two types of batteries have gained better quantum efficiency, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. Das and others in multi-junction a-Si tandem solar cell using TiO2 antireflective layer to improve the battery short-circuit current density, the a-Si /? C-Si tandem solar cell in combination with anti-reflective layer of TiO2 with SiOx interlayer technology to improve the top cell current density, while weakening the end of the loss of cell current density and improve the top end of the battery cell and the current match.

Via: Thin film silicon solar cell research position B

 

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Discover with us Fedora Linux 11

The Fedora Project has released this week Fedora 11 with the code name Leonidas, Referring to the famous Spartan king.

Fedora, which derives from the popular Red HatIs focused into a project by and for the user.

On this occasion brings several internal developments that are seen only on the computer. Highlights boot much faster with ext4, and KDE 4.2 desktop environmentWith changes in design and usability with respect to version 3.

Join us and learn a little more Fedora Linux, one of the major distributions Linux users.
Major developments

Broadly speaking, these are the developments of Fedora 11:

* System start much faster than previous versions, in seconds. In part this is because the default Fedora 11 uses the ext4 file system already present in Ubuntu and other distros.
* Installing packages yet simple and automatic: detects missing codecs sources or to read documents and play music and video with ease.
* Improved power management. For laptop users, in particular, the already popular netbooks.
* Better graphics support using KMS (Kernel Mode Setting) that manages the graphical system directly from the kernel (kernel).
* Updating the RPM packaging system, optimizing disk space consumption.
* Support for fingerprint readers and the latest models of ATI cards, NVIDIA and Intel.
* Usual package updates, such as graphical environments (GNOME 2.26.1, KDE XFCE 4.2 and 4.6).
* Workflow management more flexible and simple.

Three options to choose

Fedora is available in three flavors. First, you two-disc Live CD, Less than 700 MB, you can try without installing Fedora on your hard drive. A version GNOME and other KDE. You only have to burn a CD and boot from there.

Basically contain the same applications, but some programs of each desktop environment. In addition, both have a Live CD graphical installer very easy to use.

In addition, Fedora 11 is available in a handy DVDWith a more extensive list of programs installed, including Gnome and KDE environments, as well as alternative XFCE.
Reasons to move to Fedora

Fedora many years behind. Moreover, the precursor to Linux, Linus Torvalds, acknowledges using Fedora on your computer. It is also a Linux user reference in the world. Anaconda install your system is used by other distributions and is also the base distro for laptops OLPC (One Laptop per Child).

Includes powerful but easy tools to use for both experts and newcomers. An example is SELinux, That helps you protect your system unauthorized connections. With a few mouse clicks you have your computer protected and if you're a more advanced user can customize according to your needs.

KDE 4.2 is in itself a reason to consider to make the switch to Fedora. Its task bar is customizable to the maximumWith notices, announcements and shortcuts to programs and folders. In the latter case, when you click you'll see the content without having to open the file browser.

This is compounded by the wide selection of native applications for every taskFrom edit text or images to play music and video, surf the Internet or talk to your friends via IRC or MSN. In case you need a specific program, Fedora KPackageKit used to install or update existing ones in a simple way, without using the terminal for anything.

Last but not least. Fedora is a major distribution, With many users and developers who can help you through chats, forums and blogs, as well as great deal of official documentation.

Fedora 11 test now and discover a different way of working with your computer. In case you've already tried, what do you think? Do you recommend it to others?

Via: Discover with us Fedora Linux 11

 

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Netgear announces Powerline adapter with 500 Mbit / s

The XAV5001, according to Netgear, the first 500-MBit/s-Powerline-Adapter in the market.

Netgear Power Line has its portfolio to include a network adapter with a maximum transmission rate of 500 Mbit / s extended. The XAV5001 According to the manufacturer allows the parallel streaming of multiple HD video with a resolution of 1080p on the network. To this end, it supports various IP MulticastServices (IGMPv3).

The adapter is compatible with all devices under the HomePlug AVStandard work (Draft IEEE P1901). Thus, for example computers, game consoles or streaming clients via sockets to the network or Internet can be connected without having to run cables. Connected devices will automatically find each other.

The data transmission can be encrypted at your fingertips. Three LEDs display the connection status. Its compact design will not block adjacent outlets of XAV5001. It is compatible with both Windows and Mac OS X too.

Netgear sells 500-MBit/s-Adapter the end of November, first in a two-set (XAVB5001) On the electrical trade (Expert, Euronics, Medimax, Media Markt). The price is 139 euros.

Actual transfer rate and distance depend not only on the network ports on the connected devices, also on the quality of source power cable, building materials and the state of the sockets. Compliance of powerline networks, which promise the adapter vendor shows a Practice test from ZDNet.

 

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